The phenomenon of Internet addiction is emerging as a possible new behavioral addiction with the increasing popularity of Internet use. This thesis reviews recent scientific research about Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) and examines the neurological correlates of IAD with substance abuse disorders (such as drug abuse) and the question of whether IAD should be recognized as a unique disorder. China is used as a case study because of IAD's recognition as a public health issue. In addition, many of its unique social and political policies (censorship and one child policy) provide an interesting perspective to the debate.