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Abstract

Media both produces and responds to social constructions and norms of gender, race, class, and sexuality. This thesis asked the questions: How do portrayals of masculinity in men's magazine advertisements vary between France and the United States? Do those advertisements reflect the displays of masculinity seen on the street? Using 13 variables to operationalize U.S. hegemonic masculinity, magazine advertisements were coded from five U.S. and five French men's magazines. In addition, qualitative observation was conducted in Boston, MA and Lyon, France. The variables of "direct eye gaze" and "stoic expression" were recognized representations of masculinity across both countries. However, the most prominent variables in the United States showed men as athletic and outdoorsy, while French advertisements focused on clothing, particularly business suits and high fashion. The street observations confirmed these findings. Knowing the expectations of masculinity in different countries is critical to understanding how that masculinity interacts with femininity and subordinated masculinities.

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