A study of the relationship between tradition and modernity and their relationship to gender in Iran in the late 20th century reveals unexpected coexistence. Tradition and modernity have typically been seen as two contradicting concepts, with tradition giving way to modernity over time. In this essay, we will examine if that typical pattern exhibited itself with particular focus on the progress of women's rights and freedoms in Iran. The idea that these two concepts are not mutually exclusive will be explored, specifically in regards to the progress of women's rights and freedoms within Iran. This paper attempts to provide the historical context that allows one to explore tradition and modernity to better understand the future of a modern Iran.