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Abstract

In this capstone, I identify and grapple with a paradox in Muslim women’s activism in America that I call a double-bind: while the liberal Islamophobic West does not take seriously Muslim women’s investments in Islam and encourages outspoken Muslim women activists to call out Islam’s oppression and violence, if not repudiate their religion altogether, the Muslim community often deems Muslim women “un-Islamic” if they are outspoken and critical of the community itself. This double-bind places an undue burden on Muslim women activists who are committed to their faith. It also overshadows the important work being carried out by Muslim women activists of different backgrounds, despite all the obstacles that have historically been put in their way. This capstone seeks to take Muslim women’s articulation of justice seriously on their own terms and to highlight their many contributions. In doing so, I demonstrate that the internet has become a unique space for contemporary Muslim women’s activism and consider the case study of sexual assault within the Muslim community by celebrity imams, which was primarily exposed through Muslim women’s advocacy in virtual spaces such as Twitter. While I recognize that the internet is not immune to the double-bind that Muslim women activists face, I suggest that it enables the development of an online ummah (or Muslim community) which allows for transnational community building and the creation of counter-publics that allow Muslim women activists to negotiate the terms of their visibility. Ultimately, I argue that honoring and centering the voices of Muslim women activists on their own terms not only challenges Islamophobic assumptions about Islam and Muslim women but also strengthens the Muslim community as a whole by reminding it of the indispensability of the pursuit of justice to belief in Islam. The empowerment of Muslim women, in other words, enables everyone within our communities to seek justice as inspired by Islam.

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