Files

Abstract

In order to survive in temperate regions of the planet, freeze-tolerant insects have adapted to survive a substantial proportion of their body water being converted to ice. The freezing of body water causes physiological damage that likely requires a substantial amount of energy to repair and regain homeostasis. The mechanisms and processes which allow these species to avoid and recover from this damage are not fully understood. One unexplained process resulting from freezing is a burst of CO2 that has been observed in the spring field cricket (Gryllus veletis) and in a few other freeze tolerant species at the onset of freezing. Crickets that were pharmaceutically killed with the insecticide thiacloprid and cyanide still expelled the same burst while freezing, suggesting that it was not a nervous system or metabolic response. We hypothesize that the expulsion is caused by CO2 buffered in hemolymph being expelled as the hemolymph freezes, and freezing does not induce active responses from G. veletis. We also investigated the recovery of these insects from freezing. In order to understand the energetic cost of recovery from freezing, we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) production in the spring field cricket (Gryllus veletis) as a proxy for metabolic rate 24, 48, and 72 hours after freezing. We then compared the metabolic rates of crickets that froze to the rates of crickets that were chilled but did not freeze. We hypothesized that there was a significant metabolic cost to freezing that persists for several days. The metabolic rates of crickets that froze were significantly higher at 24, 48 and 72 hours of recovery relative to crickets that had been chilled. This elevated metabolic rate was not found in crickets that had frozen that subsequently molted successfully. However, frozen crickets had a much lower survival rate than crickets that had been chilled, and often were unable to move on to the next life stage, suggesting that the cost of freezing affected the ability of these insects to undergo the metabolically costly process of molting. Understanding the mechanisms behind freeze tolerance and their cost to freeze tolerant organisms may be critical in predicting how these species will react to changes to their environment.

Details

PDF

Statistics

from
to
Export
Download Full History