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Abstract

Administrative burdens like confusing paperwork, required documentation, and in-person visits are onerous parts of an application process that discourage participation from eligible individuals. Social welfare programs are rife with them. Previous research has identified politics and race as possible predictors of the intensity of administrative burdens. For unemployment insurance (UI), this pattern appears to hold true. There is substantial variation in people’s experiences with UI between states based on local politics and the racial makeup of the state. However, previous literature has focused almost entirely on the physical parts of an application process. While these are worth considering, few researchers have included the burdens imposed by poor website design in their analysis. I adopt a set of criteria from the Nielsen Norman Group to calculate a usability score for each state’s UI website. Then, I use multiple OLS regressions to look at the effects of state income, racial makeup, political party control, and political ideology on a state’s usability score. In the end, politics and race appear to influence usability. States with higher percentages of Republican voters had worse usability scores. Likewise, states with greater minority representation also had worse scores. As government services like UI increasingly become online-only, web usability becomes critically important to how most people access social welfare benefits. Poorly designed websites risk excluding eligible people from much-needed government aid.

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