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Abstract

Dust on snow events impact hydrological cycles by decreasing snow surface albedo and increasing the rate of melting cycles for snowpack throughout the spring. This study utilized trajectory modeling and remote sensing to investigate dust dynamics in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado and greater Colorado Plateau, spanning the Four Corners Region. Using a combination of data from the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies and Landsat satellite imagery, I characterized the origin of dust storms and infer the resulting impact of dust deposition on albedo and snow extent during two years with dust seasons of varied intensity: 2009 (classified as an average dust year) and 2017 (classified as an extreme dust year). My findings from HYSPLIT models suggested that in 2009, dust storms typically originated in Arizona, and commonly picked up dust throughout the Colorado Plateau, whereas dust storms in 2017 typically originated from further distances, with two storms originating from California and Mexico. Furthermore, I found that that precipitation may be one potential factor moderating the severity and frequency of dust release. Finally, I found that the greater frequency and intensity of dust storms throughout the 2009 dust season, coupled with average to below average precipitation, led to decreased albedo values throughout the spring, and also increased snowmelt. This study provides an important preliminary step towards better understanding of the impact of dust on snowpack, especially as climate change is likely to result in higher variability in weather and climate, and more extreme winter storms.

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